arms and armour, Roman
Jonathan Coulston
Artistic representations, military treatises, other literary and subliterary references, and archaeological artefacts are the main sources of information. Pre-imperial artefacts are sparse and come ...
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art, funerary, Roman
Glenys Davies
Early republican tombs at Rome have none of the decorative features of contemporary Etruscan funerary art (see etruscans), but by the mid to late republic some aristocratic tombs show a desire for ...
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artisans and craftsmen
Cameron Hawkins
The social worlds of artisans and craftsmen were structured around skill on both conceptual and practical levels. On a conceptual level, artisans employed skill (τέχνη / ars) as a crucial ...
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Athenaeus (2) Mechanicus
Eric William Marsden
Athenaeus (2) Mechanicus, author of an extant work on siege-engines (Περὶ μηχανημάτων; see
athletics, Roman
Stephen Instone
At Rome colourful *circus spectacles (especially chariot-racing) and *ball games were the most popular sporting activities. But Augustus promoted traditional athletics, staging athletics ...
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Atrium Vestae
Janet DeLaine
Atrium Vestae, the whole ancient precinct next to the *Regia, east of the *forum Romanum, including the temple and sacred grove of *Vesta and the house of the Vestal virgins, although the term is now ...
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Augusta Praetoria
Edward Togo Salmon and T. W. Potter
Augusta Praetoria (mod. Aosta), a colony founded with 3,000 *praetorians in Cisalpine Gaul (see gaul (cisalpine)) by Augustus (24 bce); it was here that A. *Terentius Varro Murena had encamped the ...
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Augusta Raurica
John Frederick Drinkwater
Augusta Raurica (modern Augst, near Basle), a colony founded by L. *Munatius Plancus in 44 bce in the territory of the Raurici. Strengthened by Augustus, with *Augusta Praetoria and ...
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Augusta Taurinorum
Edward Togo Salmon and T. W. Potter
Augusta Taurinorum (mod. Torino, Turin), an important Augustan colony (c.25 bce) in Cisalpine Gaul (see gaul, (cisalpine)), at the confluence of the Dora and Po (*Padus) rivers (which here became ...
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Augusta Traiana
John Wilkes
Augusta Traiana or Beroe (mod. Stara Zagora, Bulgaria) was a Roman city of *Thrace founded by Trajan to replace the Thracian-Hellenistic Beroe in the north of the Thracian plain, ...
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Augusta Treverorum
John Frederick Drinkwater
Augusta Treverorum (mod. Trier), *civitas-capital of the *Treveri, developed from a settlement around a fort established under Augustus to guard a crossing of the Moselle. In the early ...
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Augusta Vindelic(or)um
John Frederick Drinkwater
Augusta Vindelic(or)um (mod. Augsburg), probably originated in a civil settlement around an Augustan military base protecting an important crossroads-site, and was designated capital of *Raetia by ...
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