Roman History and Historiography

Sign in Modify your search

Perform this search in

Narrow Your Choices

Availability

Subject

 181-200 of 1,163 Results  for:

  • Roman History and Historiography x
Clear all

Article

Caecilia Attica  

Theodore John Cadoux and Ernst Badian

Article

Publication History:

Published online:
22 December 2015
Subjects:
  1. Roman History and Historiography
Caecilia (RE ‘Pomponius’ 78) Attica, daughter of T. *Pomponius Atticus, mother of *Vipsania Agrippina (1). Born 51 bce, she is frequently mentioned as a child in *Cicero's letters to Atticus. In c.37, M. *Antonius (2) arranged her marriage to *Agrippa. Her education continued under *Caecilius Epirota, until he was dismissed on suspicion of improper relations with her.

Article

Caecilia Metella (1), wife of Sulla, 1st cent. BCE  

Ernst Badian

Article

Publication History:

Published online:
22 December 2015
Subjects:
  1. Roman History and Historiography
, daughter of L. *Caecilius Metellus Delmaticus, married M. *Aemilius Scaurus (1) and bore him two children. After his death she married *Sulla, marked out for a consulship (88 bce), to whom she bore twins, Faustus *Cornelius Sulla and Fausta, later wife of T. *Annius Milo.

Article

Caecilia Metella (2), daughter of Q. Caecilius Metellus Baliaricus  

Ernst Badian

Article

Publication History:

Published online:
22 December 2015
Subjects:
  1. Roman History and Historiography
Caecilia (RE ‘Caecilius’ 135) Metella (2), presumably a noble virgin in 90 bce, when *Juno appeared to her in a dream and requested that the temple of Juno Sospita be restored. She no doubt promised that, if this were done, she would keep Rome safe in the *Social War (3). The Senate thereupon asked the consul L. *Iulius Caesar (2) to restore the temple (Cic. De div 1.14). Ten years later, she gave shelter and support to Cicero's client Sex. *Roscius of Ameria (Cic. Rosc. Am.passim) and therefore receives high praise. We do not know whether by that time she was married, or to whom. But that she was not married in 90 is clear from the fact that Cicero, in the anecdote about her dream, identifies her as the daughter of Q. *Caecilius Metellus Baliaricus and not by a husband. She therefore cannot, as is widely held, be the mother of P.

Article

Caecilius Africanus, Sextus  

Thomas Little Heath

Article

Publication History:

Published online:
22 December 2015
Subjects:
  1. Roman History and Historiography

Sextus Caecilius Africanus, a Roman lawyer of the mid-2nd cent. ce and pupil of *Iulianus, probably came from Thuburbo Minus (mod. Tebourba) in Tunisia. He was dead when Gellius (NA20. 1. 1–55) around ce 180 depicted a debate between him and the philosopher *Favorinus on the *Twelve Tables, in which Caecilius defended the ancient laws against the imputation of cruelty. He wrote nine books (libri) of Quaestiones (‘Problems’), which deal with difficult cases, report Iulianus’ views on them, and in rather clumsy language add comments of his own. Though hardly cited by later lawyers, Justinian's compilers (see justinian's codification) excerpted 121 passages from his work.

Article

Caecilius Bassus, Quintus  

Ernst Badian

Article

Publication History:

Published online:
22 December 2015
Subjects:
  1. Roman History and Historiography
After *Pharsalus he fled to Syria, took over two legions that had mutinied against their commander, and seized *Apamea, which he defended against Caesarian commanders while negotiating with *Deiotarus and the Parthians. After *Caesar's death both his troops and his besiegers soon joined C. *Cassius Longinus (1), who dismissed him unharmed.

Article

Caecilius Metellus, Lucius  

John Briscoe

Article

Publication History:

Published online:
22 December 2015
Subjects:
  1. Roman History and Historiography
Caecilius (RE 72) Metellus, Lucius, consul 251 bce, served in Sicily where, in June 250, he won a great victory over the Carthaginians at *Panormus, capturing many *elephants (the coins of the Caecilii Metelli frequently portray an elephant). He was again in Sicily in 249 as *magister equitum to the dictator A.

Article

Caecilius Metellus, Quintus  

John Briscoe

Article

Publication History:

Published online:
22 December 2015
Subjects:
  1. Roman History and Historiography
Caecilius (RE 81) Metellus, Quintus, son of Lucius (above) and a pontifex from 216 bce, was one of the envoys who brought news of the *Metaurus in 207. He was elected consul for 206 under the presidency of one of the victors at the Metaurus, M. *Livius Salinator, who was then dictator with Metellus himself as *magister equitum. Metellus and his colleague faced *Hannibal in southern Italy, regaining *Lucania. In 205 he held the elections as dictator. After this he consistently supported *Scipio Africanus against the latter's political opponents. He was one of the commissioners to assign land to Scipio's veterans in 201–200, and an ambassador to Greece in 185 and 183. In 179 he reconciled the censors M. *Aemilius Lepidus (1) and M. *Fulvius Nobilior. He was noted for his oratory and had a celebrated quarrel with the poet *Naevius (H.

Article

Caecilius Metellus Baliaricus, Quintus  

Ernst Badian

Article

Publication History:

Published online:
22 December 2015
Subjects:
  1. Roman History and Historiography
Caecilius (RE 82) Metellus Baliaricus, Quintus, son of *Macedonicus, as consul 123 bce and proconsul conquered the *Baleares islands and settled 3,000 Italians from Spain at Palma and Pollentia. He triumphed 121 and was censor, with L. *Calpurnius Piso Frugi, 120. He is probably the *aedile who went to Thessaly at a time of acute scarcity of wheat and secured the Thessalian crop for Rome (around 130).

Article

Caecilius Metellus Calvus, Lucius  

Ernst Badian

Article

Publication History:

Published online:
22 December 2015
Subjects:
  1. Roman History and Historiography

Caecilius (RE 83) Metellus Calvus, Lucius, brother of *Macedonicus, followed his brother in the consulship (142 bce) and served on P. *Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus' embassy to the east. He was the father of Delmaticus and Numidicus, each of whom became consul and censor, and so, with Macedonicus, founded the greatness of the family.

Article

Caecilius Metellus Celer, Quintus  

Ernst Badian

Article

Publication History:

Published online:
22 December 2015
Subjects:
  1. Roman History and Historiography

Caecilius (RE 86) Metellus Celer, Quintus, grandson (by birth) of Q. *Caecilius Metellus Baliaricus and by adoption brother of Nepos (below), was perhaps tribune 72 or 68 bce and aedile 67 (Val. Max. 6. 1. 8—but this may be his adoptive father), then legate under *Pompey. As urban praetor 63 and augur, he ended the farce of the trial of C. *Rabirius (1). At Cicero's request, he received command against the Catilinarians (see sergius catilina, l.), and the province of Cisalpine Gaul; yet he supported Nepos against Cicero, whom he treated insultingly (see Cic.Fam. 5. 1–2). Consul 60, he turned against Pompey, who had divorced his sister *Mucia Tertia for flagrant scandals, and in 59 opposed *Caesar's programme. He died before going to his province (Transalpina). He was the husband of *Clodia.

Article

Caecilius Metellus (Creticus), Quintus  

Ernst Badian

Article

Publication History:

Published online:
22 December 2015
Subjects:
  1. Roman History and Historiography

Caecilius (RE 87) Metellus (Creticus), Quintus, grandson of *Macedonicus, became *pontifex as a young man, urban *praetor probably 73 bce (MRR 3. 38), and supported *Verres at his trial (70). Consul 69, with Q. *Hortensius Hortalus, who ceded his province of *Crete to him, he fought there successfully as proconsul, defeating the pirates and capturing several cities. When *Pompey received imperium equal to the proconsuls’ (see gabinius, a. (2)), he sent a legate to supersede Metellus and accepted the surrender of some cities expecting favourable terms. Metellus humiliated the legate and Pompey prepared to confront him personally, but had to leave for Asia under the law of C. *Manilius. Metellus completed the conquest of Crete and organized a province (66–65?). After lengthy obstruction by Pompey's friends he triumphed 62 and assumed a victor's cognomen. After Pompey's return he was prominent among Pompey's opponents. He died in the late 50s.

Article

Caecilius Metellus Delmaticus, Lucius  

Ernst Badian

Article

Publication History:

Published online:
22 December 2015
Subjects:
  1. Roman History and Historiography
Caecilius (RE 91) Metellus Delmaticus, Lucius, son of Calvus (above) and brother of Numidicus (below), was attacked by C. *Marius (1) when, as consul 119 bce, he opposed his law on election procedure. As consul and proconsul he defeated the Delmatae (see dalmatia), triumphing 117, and rebuilt two temples from the spoils. As pontifex maximus he tried three Vestals (see vesta) accused of unchastity (114), acquitting two.

Article

Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus, Quintus  

Ernst Badian

Article

Publication History:

Published online:
22 December 2015
Subjects:
  1. Roman History and Historiography
Quintus Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus, son of Q. *Caecilius Metellus, fought under L. *Aemilius Paullus (2) and was on an embassy sent to announce the victory of Pydna to the senate. He was probably tribune in the late 150s bce, setting up a special court (Val. Max. 6. 9. 10). As *praetor 148, he was sent to Macedonia, probably with proconsular status, and remained until 146, defeating *Andriscus and perhaps another pretender (Zonar. 9. 28. 8) and at least beginning the provincial organization of Macedonia. Called away to deal with the rebellion by the *Achaean Confederacy, he won some successes, but had to hand over to L. *Mummius and returned to Rome. Although he triumphed and was awarded the victor's agnomen (unprecedented for a praetorian), he became consul only in 143, after two unsuccessful attempts. Sent to Hither Spain, he defeated a Celtiberian rebellion, but was said to have handed his army over in bad shape to his successor and enemy Q.

Article

Caecilius Metellus Nepos, Quintus  

Ernst Badian

Article

Publication History:

Published online:
22 December 2015
Subjects:
  1. Roman History and Historiography
Quintus Caecilius Metellus Nepos, brother of Celer (above), legate under *Pompey67–?63 bce, as tribune 62 harassed *Cicero and, with *Caesar's support, tried to secure a special command against the Catilinarians for Pompey. (see sergius catilina, l.) Suspended from office, he fled to Pompey, who (however) took no action. Praetor 60 and proconsul (province unknown), he was consul 57, agreed not to oppose Cicero's return while protecting P.

Article

Caecilius Metellus Numidicus, Quintus  

Ernst Badian

Article

Publication History:

Published online:
22 December 2015
Subjects:
  1. Roman History and Historiography
Caecilius Metellus Numidicus, Quintus, son of Calvus (above) and brother of Delmaticus (above). Elected consul 109 bce to finish the war against *Jugurtha, he won two battles and stormed several towns, with the help of his legates C. *Marius (1) and P. *Rutilius Rufus, but made little progress in guerrilla war. He insulted Marius, who asked for leave to stand for a consulship, and Marius now intrigued against him in Numidia and in Rome until he was elected consul 107 and, by a special law, appointed to supersede Metellus, who left before Marius’ arrival. In Rome he was prosecuted, but acquitted, and allowed to triumph in 106 and take a triumphal cognomen. As censor 102, he tried to expel L. *Appuleius Saturninus and C. *Servilius Glaucia from the senate, but was prevented by his colleague (and cousin) Q. Metellus Caprarius. In 100 he stubbornly refused to swear an oath to observe one of Saturninus’ laws when the rest of the senate did and chose to go into exile. After Saturninus’ death his return was long prevented by Marius and his friends, despite the pleas of his son (see caecilius metellus pius, quintus) and other nobles.

Article

Caecilius Metellus Pius, Quintus  

Ernst Badian

Article

Publication History:

Published online:
07 March 2016
Subjects:
  1. Roman History and Historiography
Caecilius (RE 98) Metellus Pius, Quintus, son of Numidicus (above), acquired his last name for his efforts to secure his father's recall from exile. As praetor (89 or 88 bce) he enrolled enfranchised Italians, including his friend *Archias. In the *Social War (3) he defeated *Poppaedius. Unable to defend Rome against L. *Cornelius Cinna (1), he went into exile in Africa (87), retaining his imperium. After Cinna's death he collected a private army, was defeated by the governor, then joined *Sulla, thus bringing him the formal approval of the *optimates, and conquered most of northern Italy for him. Made pontifex maximus and Sulla's colleague as consul 80, he was next sent to fight against *Sertorius in Further Spain, where his movements can be traced in places named after him: Metellinum (Medellin), Castra Caecilia (Cáceres), Vicus Caecilius (north of the Tajo). Unsuccessful until joined (probably against his will) by *Pompey in Hither Spain, he loyally co-operated with Pompey and won some victories in 76–75.

Article

Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio, Quintus, consul, 52 BCE  

Guy Edward Farquhar Chilver and Ernst Badian

Article

Publication History:

Published online:
30 July 2015
Subjects:
  1. Roman History and Historiography
Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio was son of P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica (praetor 93; for the family see Cic.Brut. 211–12). He was adopted by Q. *Caecilius Metellus Pius, possibly by will. Probably *praetor 55, he was (although now a plebeian) *interrex in 53, and then became candidate for the consulship of 52. The elections were abortive, and *Pompey became sole consul. About the same time Pompey married Scipio's daughter (widow of P. *Licinius Crassus (2)). When Scipio was prosecuted for *ambitus, Pompey's personal intervention secured his acquittal, and in July Pompey made him his colleague. Thenceforward Scipio led the attack on *Caesar and proposed the decisive motion in January 49. The senate granted him Syria, whence in 48 he brought two legions to Thessaly; he commanded the centre at *Pharsalus. He escaped to Africa and became supreme commander in the African War. Caesar tried to bribe Scipio before Pharsalus, but detested him, and wrote a bitter passage about his activities in Syria (BCiv.

Article

Caecilius Iucundus  

Nicholas Purcell

Article

Publication History:

Published online:
22 December 2015
Subjects:
  1. Roman History and Historiography

Caecilius Iucundus, financial agent (coactor argentarius, see banks) at *Pompeii in the mid-1st cent. ce: an archive of 153 wax tablets reveals his lively involvement with auction sales. *Freedmen were prominent in his milieu, and he also contracted with the Pompeii town council for the administration of some of its concerns. The evidence is valuable precisely because, though he was active and prosperous, Iucundus’ wealth and rank were not oustanding.

Article

Caecina, Aulus  

Howard Hayes Scullard and M. T. Griffin

Article

Publication History:

Published online:
22 December 2015
Subjects:
  1. Roman History and Historiography

Aulus Caecina, a friend of Cicero (Fam. 6. 5–9) and a member of an old Etruscan family of *Volaterrae (mod. Cecina). Cicero had defended his father in an inheritance case in 69 bce (cf. Cic. Caecin.). Caecina supported *Pompey in 49 and wrote a pamphlet against *Caesar; consequently he was exiled after *Pharsalus (48); Cicero commended him to the governors of Sicily and Asia (Fam. 6. 9; 13. 66). He surrendered to Caesar in 46. Trained by his father, he was an expert in the Etrusca disciplina (see haruspices), on which he wrote; his work was used by *Pliny (1) the Elder (HN 2) and by *Seneca (Quaest. Nat. 2. 3. 9). He had some repute as an orator.

Article

Caecina Alienus, Aulus  

Brian Campbell

Article

Publication History:

Published online:
22 December 2015
Subjects:
  1. Roman History and Historiography
Aulus Caecina Alienus (suffect consul 69 ce) as quaestor of Baetica in 68 supported *Galba, being rewarded with a legionary command in Upper Germany. According to Tacitus, he was ‘handsome, youthful, tall, vigorous, and eloquent’ (Hist. 1. 53); however, threatened with prosecution for peculation, Caecina helped to instigate *Vitellius' bid for power, leading part of his army in the invasion of Italy.