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J. T. Vallance
Article
Daryn Lehoux
Article
G. J. Toomer and Alexander Jones
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G. J. Toomer and Alexander Jones
Article
David Whitehead
Article
Ludwig Edelstein and V. Nutton
Article
Astronomer (fl. late 4th cent.
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Andrew Barker
Baccheius Geron wrote an informative Introduction to the Art of Music in question-and-answer form, giving pithy harmonic and rhythmic analyses, mainly Aristoxenian (see
Article
Heinrich von Staden
Article
Jared T. Benton
Article
Brian Campbell
Balbus wrote a surveying treatise on measurements and geometrical shapes. He undertook military surveying during the Dacian campaigns of an emperor, either *Domitian or *Trajan. See
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Fikret Yegül
In Homer’s world, bathing in warm water was a reward reserved for heroes. Ordinary Greeks bathed at home or in public baths characterized by circular chambers with hip-baths and rudimentary heating systems. Public bathing as a daily habit, a hygienic, medicinal, recreational, and luxurious experience belonged to the Romans. The origins of Roman baths can be traced in the simpler Greek baths and the bathing facilities of the Greek gymnasium and palaestra, as well as the farm traditions of rural Italy. The earliest Roman baths (balneae), which show the mastery of floor and wall heating, and a planning system based on controlled and graded heating of spaces, emerged in Latium and Campania by the early 2nd century
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David John Furley and J. T. Vallance
RE, from Mendes in Egypt, contemporary of *Callimachus (3) (3rd cent.
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John Scarborough
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Julius Rocca
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Frederick Norman Pryce and Michael Vickers
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Wilbur R. Knorr
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Heinrich von Staden
Alexandrian physician (later 3rd cent. BCE?), member of the ‘school’ of *Herophilus. He ascribed great value to semiotics, i.e. to the careful study of symptomatic signs (τὰ σημεῖα τὰ συμπίπτοντα) that ‘signify’ (σημαίνει) each affection (πάθος) and its cause (αἰτία), as a basis both for prognosis and for treatment. By contrast, he devalued attempts to question patients in order to ascertain antecedent causes (ἡγούμεναι προφάσεις) represented by the patient's regimen, lifestyle, or general physical condition. Famous for his treatise on the toxic effects of certain fragrant wreaths, he also wrote on various botanical drug ingredients, at times using idiosyncratic nomenclature. See
Article
G. J. Toomer
Callippus (RE 22), astronomer (fl. 330 BCE), went with Polemarchus (pupil of *Eudoxus (1)) from *Cyzicus to Athens, where he associated with Aristotle. He corrected Eudoxus’ theory of concentric spheres (Simplic. in Cael. 493, 5–8), by adding two more spheres in each case for the sun and moon, and one more for each of the planets (see Arist. Metaph. 1073b 32–8; Simplic. in
Cael. 497, 17–24). He proposed a year-length of 365¼ days, on which he based the 76-year cycle named after him, containing 27,759 days and 940 months (of which 28 were intercalary), as an improvement on *Meton's 19-year cycle (Geminus 8. 57–60); the first ‘Callippic Cycle’ began in 330–329