Achaeus (3) (d. 213 BCE), viceroy for *Antiochus (3) III of Seleucid Asia Minor and his kinsman (maternal uncle), probably the grandson of the Seleucid official Achaeus the Elder. In 223/2 he recovered Seleucid possessions in Anatolia from *Pergamum; exploiting Antiochus' involvement in the east (Molon's revolt and war against *Ptolemy (1) IV), he proclaimed himself king (220). His soldiers refused to fight Antiochus, but he maintained power until the king was free to quell his rebellion. After a two-year siege in Sardis, he was captured and duly executed as a traitor.
Article
Achaeus(3), d. 213 BCE
Guy Thompson Griffith and Susan Mary Sherwin-White
Article
Alexander the Great, reception of
Diana Spencer
Article
Antioch(1), Seleucid royal capital city
Arnold Hugh Martin Jones, Henri Seyrig, J. H. W. G. Liebeschuetz, Susan Mary Sherwin-White, and Amélie Kuhrt
Article
Antiochus (1) I, 'Soter' ('Saviour'), Seleucid king, c. 324–261 BCE
Guy Thompson Griffith, Susan Mary Sherwin-White, and R. J. van der Spek
Article
Antiochus (2) II, 'Theos' ('God'), Seleucid king, 286–246 BCE
Guy Thompson Griffith, Susan Mary Sherwin-White, and R. J. van der Spek
Antiochus (2) II Theos (God) (286–246
Article
Antiochus (3) III, 'Megas' ('the Great'), Seleucid king, c. 242–187 BCE
Guy Thompson Griffith, Susan Mary Sherwin-White, and R. J. van der Spek
Article
Antiochus (6) VI, 'Epiphanes Dionysus', Seleucid king
Guy Thompson Griffith, Susan Mary Sherwin-White, and R. J. van der Spek
Article
Antiochus (7) VII, 'Sidetes', Seleucid king, c. 159–129 BCE
Guy Thompson Griffith, Susan Mary Sherwin-White, and R. J. van der Spek
Antiochus (7) VII Sidetes ( = from *Side) (c. 159–129
Article
Antiochus(8), 'Hierax', ruler of Seleucid Anatolia, c. 263–226 BCE
Guy Thompson Griffith, Susan Mary Sherwin-White, and R. J. van der Spek
Antiochus (8) Hierax (c. 263–226
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Arbela
John MacGinnis and David Michelmore
Article
Astronomical Diaries
Kathryn Stevens
The Astronomical Diaries are Akkadian texts from Babylon which contain observations of astronomical phenomena and selected events on earth. They are written in the cuneiform script and preserved on several hundred clay tablets, most of which are today in the British Museum.
Very few of the tablets are complete, and some are in an extremely fragmentary state. Where no date formula survives, it is often possible to date them based on the astronomical observations recorded. The surviving tablets range in date from the mid-7th to the 1st century
Diaries usually cover periods of four to six months, divided into monthly sections. Daily astronomical observations form the bulk of each section. At the end of each month, the Diaries report the river level of the Euphrates; the market exchange values of several commodities in Babylon, and sometimes selected historical events such as warfare, disease outbreaks, visits from kings or officials, and cultic activities. The Diaries contain no explicit indications of purpose, but since they exhibit significant parallelism with prognostic material, it is likely that they were connected to some extent with divination. There are also parallels in content and phrasing between the Diaries and the Late Babylonian Chronicles.
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Attalus I, 269–197 BCE
R. M. Errington
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Attalus II, 220–138 BCE
R. M. Errington
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Attalus III, c. 170–133 BCE
R. M. Errington
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Belus/Marduk
Mary Frazer
Article
Berenice, lemma for several Ptolemaic cities
Joyce Reynolds and Dorothy J. Thompson
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Berenice (1) I, wife of Ptolemy (1) I Soter
Dorothy J. Thompson
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Berenice(2), 'the Syrian', daughter of Ptolemy (1), wife of Antiochus (2), d. 246 BCE
Friedrich M. Heichelheim and Susan Mary Sherwin-White
Article
Berenice (3) II, wife of Ptolemy (1) III Euergetes
Dorothy J. Thompson
Article
Cleopatra I, c. 215–176 BCE
Dorothy J. Thompson
Daughter of *Antiochus (3) III and *Laodice (3) and wife (from 193) of *Ptolemy (1) V Epiphanes. On Epiphanes’ death in 180