Was the best harbour on the Asiatic side of the *Hellespont. In the Iliad (2. 836) an ally of Troy and then a Thracian settlement, it was colonized c.700
Article
Abydos
Stephen Mitchell
Article
Acragas
Arthur Geoffrey Woodhead and R. J. A. Wilson
Article
Agasias (1), son of Dositheus, Ephesian sculptor, c. 100 BCE
Thomas Bertram Lonsdale Webster and Andrew F. Stewart
Agasias (1) Ephesiansculptor, son of Dositheus, active c.100
Article
Agasias (2), son of Menophilus, Ephesian sculptor, c. 100 BCE
Andrew F. Stewart
Article
Agatharchus, painter
Karim Arafat
Painter of Samos. He was the first to make a skēnē, for Aeschylus (probably for a revival at the time of the *Peloponnesian War), and wrote a book on ‘skēnē-painting’, which inspired *Anaxagoras and *Democritus to write on perspective (Vitr. De arch. 7 pref. 11). He was the first painter to use perspective on a large scale (isolated instances occur on vases from the mid 6th cent.
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agora
Richard Allan Tomlinson
Article
Agoracritus, Parian sculptor
Andrew F. Stewart
Article
agricultural implements, Greek
Robin Osborne
Article
Alcamenes, Athenian (or Lemnian) sculptor, fl. C. 440–400 BCE
Andrew F. Stewart
*Phidias' favourite pupil, he made numerous statues of divinities in Athens and Boeotia, in gold and ivory, bronze, and marble. The sole survivor, from the Acropolis, is a group of Procne preparing to kill Itys, which Pausanias (1. 24. 3) says he dedicated. Copies exist of his Hermes Propylaeus and Hecate Epipyrgidia, also for the Acropolis, establishing him as a pioneer of the archaizing style (see
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alcoholism, Greek
John Maxwell O'Brien and Barney Rickenbacker
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Amathus
Hector Catling
Article
Amphipolis
James Maxwell Ross Cormack and Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière Hammond
Article
amphorae and amphora stamps, Greek
Mark L. Lawall
Article
Amyzon
Simon Hornblower
Article
Antenor (2), Athenian sculptor, fl. c. 530–500 BCE
Andrew F. Stewart
According to Pausanias (1. 8. 5), he made the first bronze group of the tyrannicides Harmodius and *Aristogiton for the Athenian agora; Pliny (HN 34. 70) dates it to 510. *Xerxes I took it to Persia in 480, but the Athenians soon asked *Critius to replace it. *Alexander (3) the Great, *Seleucus (1) I, or *Antiochus (1) I returned it, and thereafter it stood beside Critius' group. Antenor's only extant work is the monumental korē (Acropolis Museum 681) dedicated by the potter Nearchus; the korai of the east pediment of the temple of Apollo at *Delphi are stylistically similar, and perhaps attributable to his workshop.
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Antigonus (4), of Carystus, writer and bronze-worker, fl. c. 240 BCE
Frank William Walbank and Andrew F. Stewart
Antigonus (4) of Carystus (fl. c. 240 BCE), writer and bronzeworker, lived at Athens and (apparently) at *Pergamum.
An inferior anecdotal collection survives: (a) Ἱστοριῶν παραδόξων συναγωγή, collection of paradoxical stories (see
A reliable biographer (see
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Antikythera Mechanism
Alexander Jones
The Antikythera Mechanism (National Archaeological Museum, Athens, inv. X 15087) was a Hellenistic gearwork device for displaying astronomical and chronological functions. Substantial but highly corroded remains of the instrument were recovered from an ancient shipwreck (see Figure 1).
The most complex scientific instrument to have survived from antiquity, it resembled the sphaerae or planetaria described by Cicero (1) and other Greco-Roman authors. The date of its construction is in dispute but must have been earlier than the middle of the 1st century
Article
Antissa
D. Graham J. Shipley
Antissa, small coastal *polis in NW *Lesbos; birthplace of the poet *Terpander. A bronze age site has been explored; the Classical town originated in the early geometric period. Three apsidal buildings (possibly temples), stretches of a probable city wall, and remains of a harbour mole have been identified. The Mytileneans strengthened the defences during their revolt of 428