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date: 13 February 2025

Climate Change and Offshore Wind Energy in the Baltic Sealocked

Climate Change and Offshore Wind Energy in the Baltic Sealocked

  • Xiaoli Guo Larsén, Xiaoli Guo LarsénTechnical University of Denmark
  • Anna Rutgersson, Anna RutgerssonUppsala University
  • Farid Karimi, Farid KarimiUniversity of Jyväskylä
  • Bernhard Lange, Bernhard LangeFraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy Systems IWES
  • Erik Nilsson, Erik NilssonUppsala University
  • Tija Sīle, Tija SīleUniversity of Latvia
  • Andrea N. Hahmann, Andrea N. HahmannDepartment of Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark
  • Matti J. Koivisto, Matti J. KoivistoTechnical University of Denmark
  • Nicolaos A. Cutululis, Nicolaos A. CutululisTechnical University of Denmark
  • Kaushik Das, Kaushik DasTechnical University of Denmark
  • Jana Fischereit, Jana FischereitTechnical University of Denmark
  • Stefan Wenau, Stefan WenauFraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy Systems IWES
  • Cathy SuoCathy SuoTechnical University of Denmark
  • , and Jake BadgerJake BadgerTechnical University of Denmark

Summary

Wind energy is becoming an essential part of the energy system in the Baltic Sea region (BSR). There has been a tremendous development of offshore wind energy in the early 21st century in this region, and the plan for further growth in the coming years is ambitious. The development and implementation of offshore wind energy is a complex process involving many physical and sociopolitical aspects. These aspects have their own characteristics in the BSR. Therefore, they have their unique impact and constraints on the regional development and implementation of the strategic energy technology (SET) plans. This includes implementing next-generation wind turbine technology, offshore wind farms and system integration, floating offshore wind and wind energy industrialization, wind energy operation, maintenance and installation, ecosystems, social impact and human capital agendas, and basic wind energy sciences.

Climate change is an important issue to address in relation to future development. Among the questions that may arise are: How would climate change affect the wind resource, extreme wind, and several meteorological and oceanic variables relevant to the offshore wind energy sector? What does this effect imply for the development of offshore wind energy in the BSR?

It is encouraging to acknowledge that there have been numerous relevant, good quality, pertinent studies on the subject of the BSR, and many more are ongoing. It is also inspiring to see that in the wind energy sector, there are already many technologies, methods, and tools that are sufficiently mature, and many of them, together with lessons learned through studies in other offshore regions, can be applied to support the urgent and extensive scale development of offshore wind in the BSR.

Subjects

  • Climate of the Baltic Sea Region

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