Jump to Content
Menu
User Account
Personal Profile
  • About
  • Tools and Resources
  • Subscribe
  • Customer Services
  • Original Language Spotlight
  • News
Oxford Research Encyclopedias
Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education
Advanced search
Browse
  • Browse by Subject   
    • Alternative and Non-formal Education 
    • Cognition, Emotion, and Learning
    • Curriculum and Pedagogy
    • Education and Society
    • Education, Change, and Development
    • Education, Cultures, and Ethnicities
    • Education, Gender, and Sexualities
    • Education, Health, and Social Services
    • Educational Administration and Leadership
    • Educational History
    • Educational Politics and Policy
    • Educational Purposes and Ideals
    • Educational Systems
    • Educational Theories and Philosophies
    • Globalization, Economics, and Education
    • Languages and Literacies
    • Professional Learning and Development
    • Research and Assessment Methods
    • Technology and Education
    • Browse All
Close
  • Archive
  • OREEDU
Oxford University Press
Copyright © Oxford University Press 2025.

Printed from Oxford Research Encyclopedias, Education. Under the terms of the licence agreement, an individual user may print out a single article for personal use (for details see Privacy Policy and Legal Notice).

date: 22 May 2025

  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
  • Legal Notice
  • Credits
  • Accessibility
  • [18.97.9.170]
  • 18.97.9.170