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Accretion Processes
Alessandro Morbidelli
In planetary science, accretion is the process in which solids agglomerate to form larger and larger objects, and eventually planets are produced. The initial conditions are a disc of gas ...
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Agreement on the Rescue and Return of Astronauts and Objects Launched into Outer Space
Irmgard Marboe
The Agreement on the Rescue and Return of Astronauts and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space (ARRA) of 1968 deals with the obligation of states toward astronauts in distress or ...
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Astrology in Ancient Greek and Roman Culture
Nicholas Campion
Astrology was a central feature of Greek and Roman culture. A knowledge of astrology’s claims, practices, and world view is essential for a full understanding of religion, politics, and ...
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Atmospheric Circulation on Venus
Masaru Yamamoto
Venus is a slowly rotating planet with a thick atmosphere (~9.2 MPa at the surface). Ground- and satellite-based observations have shown atmospheric superrotation (atmospheric rotation ...
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Atmospheric Electricity in the Solar System
Karen Aplin and Georg Fischer
Electricity occurs in atmospheres across the Solar System planets and beyond, spanning spectacular lightning displays in clouds of water or dust, to more subtle effects of charge and ...
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Austrian National Space Law
Cordula Steinkogler
This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Encyclopedia of Planetary Science. Please check back later for the full article.
The ...
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Business, Legal, and Policy Issues in Relation to Increased Private Space Activity
Mark J. Sundahl
Throughout the history of human activity in outer space, the role of private companies has steadily grown, and, in some cases, companies have even replaced government agencies as the ...
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Chemical Weathering on Venus
Mikhail Zolotov
Chemical and phase compositions of the surface of Venus could reflect a history of gas–rock and fluid–rock interactions, recent and past climate changes, and a loss of water from the ...
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Clouds in the Martian Atmosphere
Anni Määttänen and Franck Montmessin
This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Planetary Science. Please check back later for the full article.
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Depictions of the Moon in Western Visual Culture
Jay M. Pasachoff and Roberta J.M. Olson
Since the landmark lunar landing of Apollo 11 on July 20, 1969, NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (launched in 2009), and the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency’s Kaguya spacecraft ...
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Dust Devils on Earth and Mars
Matthew R. Balme
Dust devils are rotating columns or cones of air, loaded with dust and other fine particles, that are most often found in arid or desert areas. They are common on both Mars and Earth, ...
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Evolution of the Martian Crust
John C. Bridges
This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Encyclopedia of Planetary Science. Please check back later for the full article.
Mars, ...
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Exoplanets: Atmospheres of Hot Jupiters
Dmitry V. Bisikalo, Pavel V. Kaygorodov, and Valery I. Shematovich
The history of exoplanetary atmospheres studies is strongly based on the observations and investigations of the gaseous envelopes of hot Jupiters—exoplanet gas giants that have masses ...
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Extraterrestrial Resources
V.V. Shevchenko
This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Planetary Science. Please check back later for the full article.
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Hot Planetary Coronas
Valery I. Shematovich and Dmitry V. Bisikalo
This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Planetary Science. Please check back later for the full article.
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Human Exploration and Development in the Solar System
Wendell Mendell
Emergence of ballistic missile technology after World War II enabled human flight into the Earth’s orbit, fueling the imagination of those fascinated with science, technology, exploration, ...
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Icy Satellites: Interior Structure, Dynamics, and Evolution
Francis Nimmo
This article consists of three sections. The first discusses how we determine satellite internal structures and what we know about them. The primary probes of internal structure are ...
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The Interiors of Jupiter and Saturn
Ravit Helled
Probing the interiors of the gaseous giant planets in our solar system is not an easy task. It requires a set of accurate measurements combined with theoretical models that are used to ...
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International Geopolitics and Space Regulation
Gianfranco Gabriele Nucera
Outer space has always assumed a relevant geopolitical value due to strategic and economic reasons. Since the beginning of the so-called space age, national space policies have pursued ...
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