The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Military in Politics
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Military in Politics
The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Military in Politics will comprehensively examine the full range of concerns surrounding the role of military personnel and organizations in politics. Many articles will examine how the military has been involved in politics in specific states, while others will link the country-specific accounts to broader topics. All of the articles will appear online as part of the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics.
Editors in Chief
William R. Thompson, Indiana University
Hicham Bou Nassif, Claremont McKenna College
Articles
Afghanistan: Martial Society Without Military Rule (Amin Tarzi)
Albania: Civil-Military Relations in the Post-Cold War Era (Gerassimos Karabelias)
Algeria: Military Past as Prologue (Paul E. Lenze, Jr.)
Arab Gulf States: Expanding Roles for the Military (Eleonora Ardemagni)
Argentina: The Journey from Military Intervention to Subordination (David Pion-Berlin)
Australia: Expanding and Applying the Field of Civil-Military Relations (Ben Wadham, Willem de Lint)
Bahrain: The Army and the Dynamics of State-Society Relations (Laurence Louër)
The Bangladesh Army: What It Costs to Remain Apolitical (Smruti S. Pattanaik)
Benin and Togo: Loyalist Stacking and Rival Security Forces (Julien Morency-Laflamme)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: Unifying Armed Forces in a Divided State (Danijela Dudley)
Botswana: The Evolution and Influence of the Military in Politics (David Sebudubudu)
Burkina Faso: Military Responses to Popular Pressures (Daniel Eizenga)
Burundi: Assessing Military Institutional Reforms Post-Arusha (Astrid Jamar, Gerard Birantamije)
Cambodia: Armed Forces Under Personalized Control (Paul W. Chambers)
Cameroon: The Military and Autocratic Stability (Kristen A. Harkness)
Canada: Very "Civil" Military Relations (Joel J. Sokolsky)
Central African Republic: Coups, Mutinies, and Civil War (Timothy Stapleton)
Chad: Armed Presidents and Politics (Ketil Hansen)
Chile: Military and Politics in the 20th Century (Brian Loveman)
China: Party–Army Relations Past and Present (Sofia K. Ledberg)
“Civil and Military” as a Constitutive Categorization of the Study of War and Politics (Jan Angstrom, Sofia K. Ledberg)
Colombia: Civilian Control and Militarized Repression (William Aviles)
Congo-Kinshasa: The Military in the State-Building Process (Emizet F. Kisangani)
Conscription and the Politics of Military Recruitment (Nathan W. Toronto, Lindsay P. Cohn)
Conscription, Citizenship, and Democracy (Tony Ingesson)
The Consequences of Military Rule: Juntas Versus Strongmen (Barbara Geddes)
The Control-Effectiveness Framework of Civil–Military Relations (Florina Cristiana Matei, Carolyn Halladay)
Costa Rica: Demilitarization and Democratization (John A. Booth)
Côte d’Ivoire: The Military, Ruling Elites, and Political Power (Simon A. Akindes)
Counterbalancing and Coups d’État (Erica De Bruin)
Coup-Proofing in the Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) Region (Derek Lutterbeck)
Coup-Proofing Vulnerable Presidencies in Latin America (Eric Rittinger)
Cuba: The Military and Politics (Jorge I. Domínguez)
The Czech Republic: The Military and Politics (Zdeněk Kříž, Oldřich Krpec)
Demobilization Challenges After Armed Conflict (Margit Bussmann)
Ecuador: Military Autonomy Under Democratic Rule (Maiah Jaskoski)
El Salvador: The Consolidation and Collapse of Military Domination (William D. Stanley)
Eritrea: The Everyday Politics of Mass Militarization (Jennifer Riggan)
Ethnic Inequality and Coups d’État (Cristina Bodea, Christian Houle)
Foreign Military Training and Coups d’État (Jesse Dillon Savage)
France: Civil-Military Relations in the Antiterrorist Frame (Grégory Daho)
Gabon: An Uneasy Civil-Military Concord (Olaf Bachmann)
Gender and the Military in Western Democracies (Helena Carreiras)
Georgia: Warlords, Generals, and Politicians (David Darchiashvili, Stephen Jones)
Germany: An Army in a Democracy in an Epoch of Extremes (Donald Abenheim, Carolyn Halladay)
Ghana: The Military in Transition From Praetorianism to Democratic Control (Eboe Hutchful, Humphrey Asamoah Agyekum, Ben Kunbour)
Greece: From Overt Military Activism to Democratic Normality (Dimitris Tsarouhas)
Guatemala: The Military in Politics (Anita Isaacs, Rachel A. Schwartz)
Guinea: The History of the Military as a Political Actor (Paul T. Clarke)
Haiti: Deconstructing Military Entanglements in Politics (Michel S. Laguerre)
Honduras: All-Purpose Militarization (Kristina Mani)
Hungary: A Historically Apolitical Military (Tamás Csiki Varga, András Rácz)
India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh: Civil-Military Relations (Sumit Ganguly)
India: Soldier–Civilian Alliance in a Democratic Context (Anshu N. Chatterjee)
Indonesia: The Military’s Transformation From Praetorian Ruler to Presidential Coalition Partner (Marcus Mietzner)
Interests, Institutions, and Defense Spending (Justin Conrad, Mark Souva)
The International Fraternity of the Uniform: Implications for Civil–Military Relations (Joel J. Sokolsky)
Iran: Imperial and Republican Civil–Military Relations (Ahmed S. Hashim)
Iraq: Civil-Military Relations from the Monarchy to the Republics (Ahmed S. Hashim)
Italy: The Military in Politics (Nicola Labanca)
Japan: The Culture of Insubordination in the Army, 1868-1945 (Danny Orbach)
Jordan: The Military and Politics in the Hashemite Kingdom (Curtis R. Ryan)
Kenya: The King’s Shadow Army (Henrik Laugesen)
Leaders, Generals, Juntas: The Military in Politics and International Conflict Initiation (Peter White)
Lebanon: A Military in Politics in a Divided Society (Oren Barak)
Macedonia: Troublesome Relations Among Politics, Ethnicity, and the Military (Biljana Vankovska)
Madagascar: The Military in Politics (Juvence F. Ramasy)
The Maldives: The Changing Dynamics of Civil-Military Relations (Prashant Hosur Suhas, Vasabjit Banerjee)
Mali: The Hot and Cold Relationship Between Military Intervention and Democratic Consolidation (Florina Cristiana Matei)
Mauritania: The Institutionalization of Military Supremacy (Boubacar N'Diaye)
Militaries’ Organizational Cultures in a Globalizing World (Joseph Soeters)
Military Coups d’État and Their Causes (Fabrice Lehoucq)
Military Expenditures and Economic Growth (J. Paul Dunne, Nan Tian)
Military-Industrial Complexes and Their Variations (Marc R. DeVore)
Military Learning and Evolutions in Warfare in the Modern Era (Nathan W. Toronto)
Military Politics and Democratic Transition: Combining Rationality, Culture, and Structure (Hicham Bou Nassif)
Myanmar: Civil–Military Relations in a Tutelary Regime (Marco Bünte)
Nepal: The Role of the Military in Politics, 1990–2020 (Bishnu Raj Upreti)
Niger: Armed Force Politics and Counterterrorism (Virginie Baudais)
Outsourcing War and Security (Ori Swed, Daniel Burland)
Pakistan: Persistent Praetorianism (Aqil Shah)
The Palestinian Military: Two Militaries, Not One (Hillel Frisch)
Papua New Guinea: Volatile but Coupless (R.J. May)
The Republic of the Congo: The Colonial Origins of Military Rule (Joshua Shaw, Brett Carter)
Risk Assessment: Prospect Theory and Civil–Military Affairs (Gregory Winger)
Romania: Civil-Military Relations in the Modern Age (Marian Zulean)
Rwanda: Civil–Military Relations (Marco Jowell)
Saudi Arabia: The Role of the Military in Politics (Ayman Al-Yassini)
Serbia's Civil-Military Relations (Filip Ejdus)
Sierra Leone: Military Coups and Dictatorships (Jimmy D. Kandeh)
Slovakia: Creating and Transforming Civil-Military Relations (Matej Navrátil, Michal Onderco)
Spain: The Long Road From an Interventionist Army to Democratic and Modern Armed Forces (Rafa Martínez, Fernando J. Padilla Angulo)
Sri Lanka's Military: From Ceremonial to Professional (Ayesha Siddiqa)
Sudan: Soldiers and Civilians, 1958-2019 (Peter Woodward)
Suriname: The National Army in Politics (Dirk Kruijt)
Syria: Coup Politics, Authoritarian Regimes, and Savage War (Philippe Droz-Vincent)
Tanzania: Civil–Military Relations and Nationalism (Daniel G. Zirker)
Territorial Threats and Military Dictatorships (Nam Kyu Kim)
Thailand: Camouflaged Khakistocracy in Civil–Military Relations (Paul W. Chambers)
The Dominican Republic: From Military Rule to Democracy (Ellen D. Tillman)
The United States: Politicians, Partisans, and Military Professionals (Peter Feaver, Damon Coletta)
The U.S. Civil-Military Relations Gap and the Erosion of Historical Democratic Norms (Marybeth P. Ulrich)
The U.S. Politico-Military-Industrial Complex (John A. Alic)
Uganda: A Perspective on Politico-Military Fusion (Jude Kagoro)
Ukraine: Democratizing Civil–Military Relations in the Midst of Conflict (Marybeth P. Ulrich)
The United Kingdom: Increasingly Fractious Civil–Military Relations (Andrew M. Dorman)
Uruguay: No Country for a Military? (David Altman, Nicole Jenne)
Venezuela: Coup-Proofing From Pérez Jiménez to Maduro (Deborah L. Norden)
Zimbabwe: A History of the Military in Politics, 1980–2019 (Martin Revayi Rupiya)
