The Oxford Encyclopedia of Empirical International Relations Theory
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Empirical International Relations Theory
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Empirical International Relations Theory provides an authoritative overview of the central approaches, methodologies, and topics of empirical international relations theory. Through over 150 entries by leading scholars, it examines the connections and gaps between theory, method, and empirical examination. The encyclopedia features research streams that focus on international relations theories that are testable, whether through numerical operationalizations, case studies, or a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. All of the articles appear online as part of the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics.
Editor in Chief
William Thompson, Indiana University
Articles
The Aftermaths of Civil Conflicts (Jaclyn M. Johnson, Clayton L. Thyne)
The Age-Structural Theory of State Behavior (Richard Cincotta)
Agent-Based Computational Modeling and International Relations Theory: Quo Vadis? (Claudio Cioffi-Revilla)
Akamatsu Waves (Arno Tausch, Leonid Grinin, Andrey Korotayev)
American Grand Strategy and Political Economy Theory (Kevin Narizny)
Approaches to Explaining Regional Conflict and Peace (Kentaro Sakuwa)
The Balance of Power in World Politics (Randall L. Schweller)
Bargaining Theory, Civil War Outcomes, and War Recurrence: Assessing the Results of Empirical Tests of the Theory (Caroline A. Hartzell)
Capitalist Peace Theory: A Critical Appraisal (Gerald Schneider)
Challenges and Possibilities of Empirical International Relations Theory: Evidence From Research in Brazil (Fernanda Barasuol, Andre Reis da Silva)
Civil War and Terrorism: A Call for Further Theory Building (Charity Butcher)
Civil War from a Transnational Perspective (Kristian Skrede Gleditsch)
Civil War Termination (Caroline A. Hartzell)
Civilian Self-Protection and Civilian Targeting in Armed Conflicts: Who Protects Civilians? (Betcy Jose, Peace A. Medie)
Clarifying Causal Mechanisms in International Relations (Patrick James)
The Concept of Deterrence and Deterrence Theory (Patrick M. Morgan)
Conflict Management of Territorial Disputes (Krista E. Wiegand)
Conflict, Regions, and Regional Hierarchies (Thomas J. Volgy, Kelly Marie Gordell, Paul Bezerra, Jon Patrick Rhamey, Jr.)
Constructing a General Model Accounting for Interstate Rivalry Termination (William R. Thompson)
Coup-Proofing and Civil War (Jun Koga Sudduth)
Cumulative Knowledge, Science, and the Emergence of International Relations (Torbjørn L. Knutsen)
Defending Classical Geopolitics (Phil Kelly)
Defining and Operationalizing Context Through a Structural Political Geography for International Relations (Colin Flint, Raymond J. Dezzani)
Democratization and Conflict (Ömer Faruk Örsün, Reşat Bayer, Michael Bernhard)
Diffusion in International Politics (Alex Braithwaite, Sangmi Jeong)
Diplomacy and Negotiation by the Numbers: More than an Art Form? (Mark A. Boyer, Michael J. Butler)
The Diverging Theory and Practice of International Law (Leslie Johns)
The Diversification of Deterrence: New Data and Novel Realities (Shannon Carcelli, Erik A. Gartzke)
Do We Have Too Much Theory in International Relations or Do We Need Less: Waltz was Wrong, Tetlock was Right (Michael D. Ward)
Domestic Coalitions: International Sources and Effects (Etel Solingen, Peter Gourevitch)
Dynamics, Endogeneity, and Complexity in Protest Campaigns (Karen A. Rasler)
Economic Incentives as Weapons of War (Katherine Barbieri)
Economic Interdependence and Conflict (Hyo Joon Chang, Scott L. Kastner)
The Effectiveness of Peacekeeping Operations (Jessica Di Salvatore, Andrea Ruggeri)
The Effectiveness of the WTO's Dispute Settlement System (Soo Yeon Kim)
Empirical Analyses of Deterrence (Stephen L. Quackenbush)
Empirical Evidence for Empirical International Relations Theorizing: Tests of Epistemological Assumptions with Data (Brian C. Rathbun)
Empirical Knowledge on Foreign Military Intervention (Jeffrey Pickering, David F. Mitchell)
The Empirical Promise of Game Theory (Alexandre Debs)
Empirically Assessing the Bargaining Theory of War: Potential and Challenges (Erik A. Gartzke, Paul Poast)
Empirics of Stable Peace (Reşat Bayer)
The English School: History and Primary Institutions as Empirical IR Theory? (Barry Buzan, George Lawson)
Evolution, Adaptation, and Imitation in International Relations (Richard Ned Lebow)
Fighting Abroad, Fighting at Home (and Vice Versa): Identifying the Relationship Between Civil and Interstate Conflict with Fewer Assumptions (Michael Colaresi)
Foundations of Power Transition Theory (Ronald L. Tammen, Jacek Kugler, Douglas Lemke)
Foundations of Rivalry Research (David R. Dreyer)
Fractionalization and Civil War (Kathleen Gallagher Cunningham)
Gender Inequality and Internal Conflict (Erika Forsberg, Louise Olsson)
The Geography of Civil War (Andrew M. Linke, Clionadh Raleigh)
Geopolitics, Geography, and War (Christopher J. Fettweis)
Hegemony, Hierarchy, and Unipolarity: Theoretical and Empirical Foundations of Hegemonic Order Studies (Carla Norrlof)
Hierarchy and International Relations: Theory and Evidence (David A. Lake)
How Did American International Political Economy Become Reductionist? A Historiography of a Discipline (W. Kindred Winecoff)
How the Contractualist Peace Overtook the Democratic Peace (Michael Mousseau, Xiongwei Cao)
Image Theory and the Initiation of Strategic Rivalries (Manjeet S. Pardesi)
Immigration and International Political Economy (Margaret E. Peters)
The Impact of Meso-Level Assumptions on Grand Theorizing: Using Unit, State, and Regime Type for Constructing IR's Historical Narratives (and Theory-Building) (Daniel M. Green)
Institutions and the Global Political Economy (Lisa L. Martin)
The International Determinants of Military Coup Behavior (Ekim Arbatli, Cemal Eren Arbatli)
International Norm Change (Wayne Sandholtz)
Intrastate Conflict and Civilian Victimization (Reed M. Wood)
Is Democracy a Cause of Peace? (Dan Reiter)
Labor and the Global Political Economy (Layna Mosley)
The Latin American Puzzles for the Study of International Relations (David R. Mares)
Latin American Thinking in International Relations: Concepts in the Place of Theory (Raúl Bernal-Meza)
Leaders and Foreign Policy: Surveying the Evidence (Stephen Benedict Dyson, Thomas Briggs)
The Logics of Systemic Theory (Bear F. Braumoeller, Benjamin Campbell)
Long Cycles and World-Systems Theoretical Research Programs (Christopher Chase-Dunn, Hiroko Inoue)
Major Powers vs. Global Powers: A New Measure of Global Reach and Power Projection Capacity (Michael J. Lee, William R. Thompson)
Managing Internationalized Civil Wars (Erin K. Jenne, Milos Popovic)
Measuring Violations of Human Rights Standards (Mark Gibney, Linda Cornett, Peter Haschke, Reed M. Wood, Daniel Arnon)
Military Intervention in Interstate and Civil Wars: A Unified Interpretation (Zachary C. Shirkey)
More than Mixed Results: What We Have Learned From Quantitative Research on the Diversionary Hypothesis (Benjamin O. Fordham)
Multilevel Governance as a Global Governance Challenge: Assumptions, Methods, Shortcomings, and Future Directions (Joachim K. Rennstich)
National Secession (Philip G. Roeder)
Natural Resources, Climate Change, and Conflict (Vally Koubi, Gabriele Spilker)
Network Science and International Relations (Zeev Maoz)
Nuclear Weapons and International Conflict: Theories and Empirical Evidence (Daniel S. Geller)
Opportunity and Willingness: From "Ordering Concepts" to an Analytical Perspective for the Study of Politics (Harvey Starr)
Peace, War, Theory, and Evidence in East Asia (Benjamin E. Goldsmith)
Perfect Deterrence Theory (Frank C. Zagare)
The Poliheuristic Theory of Political Decision-Making (Alex Mintz, Steven B. Redd, Eldad Tal-Shir)
The Political Economy of Hegemony: The (Surprising) Persistence of American Hegemony (Thomas Oatley)
Popular Expectations, Theory, and Empirical Findings on Air Power (Carla Martinez Machain)
Population Aging and International Conflict (Mark L. Haas)
Power, Conflict, and Technology: Delineating Empirical Theories in a Changing World (Anthony J. S. Craig, Brandon Valeriano)
Power, Institutions, and Issues as Causes of Conflict (Michael Masterson, Jessica L. P. Weeks)
Power Shifts and War (Mark Souva)
The Power-Transition Discourse and China's Rise (Steve Chan)
Power Transition Theory and the Essence of Revisionism (Jonathan M. DiCicco)
Predatory Government and the Feasibility of Rebellion: A Micro Logic of the Capitalist Peace (Indra de Soysa)
Pro-Government Militias and Conflict (Sabine C. Carey, Neil J. Mitchell)
Prospect Theory in International Relations (Janice Gross Stein)
Proxy Wars: Implications of Great-Power Rivalry for the Onset and Duration of Civil War (Indra de Soysa)
Public Opinion on Foreign Policy Issues (Richard C. Eichenberg)
Rediscovering Reputation Through Theory and Evidence (Mark J. C. Crescenzi, Bailee Donahue)
Regime Type and Foreign Direct Investment: A Transaction Economics Cost Approach to the Debate (Austin P. Johnson, Quan Li)
Regional Politics and Powers: Hierarchy and Comparative Regional Analysis in International Relations (Jon Patrick Rhamey, Jr., Thomas J. Volgy)
Research Findings on the Evolution of Peacekeeping (Theodora-Ismene Gizelis, Han Dorussen, Marina Petrova)
Role Theory As an Empirical Theory of International Relations: From Metaphor to Formal Model (Stephen G. Walker)
The Selectorate Theory and International Politics (Randolph M. Siverson, Bruce Bueno de Mesquita)
Social Identity Theory: Status and Identity in International Relations (Deborah Welch Larson)
Soft Balancing (Huiyun Feng, Kai He)
The Spread of Conflict in International Relations (Nils W. Metternich)
The Steps to War: Theory and Evidence (Andrew P. Owsiak)
Strategic Culture Theory: What, Why, and How (Edward Lock)
The Strategic Use of State Repression and Political Violence (Jacqueline H. R. deMeritt)
Suicide Terrorism Theories (Susanne Martin, Ami Pedahzur)
Symbolic Politics as International Relations Theory (Stuart J. Kaufman)
Systemic Causes of Civil Wars (Ann Hironaka)
Systemic Leadership, Energy Considerations, and the Leadership Long-Cycle Perspective (William R. Thompson, Leila Zakhirova)
Taking China Seriously: Relationality, Tianxia, and the "Chinese School" of International Relations (Salvatore Babones)
The Territorial Peace: A Research Program (Douglas M. Gibler)
The Territorial Peace: Theory, Evidence, and Implications (Marc L. Hutchison, Daniel G. Starr)
Territory, Contentious Issues, and International Relations (Paul R. Hensel)
Terrorism As a Global Wave Phenomenon: An Overview (David C. Rapoport)
Terrorism As a Global Wave Phenomenon: Anarchist Wave (David C. Rapoport)
Terrorism As a Global Wave Phenomenon: Anti-Colonial Wave (David C. Rapoport)
Terrorism As a Global Wave Phenomenon: New Left Wave (David C. Rapoport)
Terrorism As a Global Wave Phenomenon: Religious Wave (David C. Rapoport)
The Theoretical and Empirical Approaches to Uncertainty and Conflict in International Relations (Muhammet A. Bas, Robert Schub)
Theoretical Diversity in International Relations: Dominance, Pluralism, and Division (Thomas C. Walker)
Theoretical Underpinnings of a Global Social Contract (Takashi Inoguchi)
Theories of Civil War Onset: Promises and Pitfalls (Adrian Florea)
Theories of International Norm Contestation: Structure and Outcomes (Jeffrey S. Lantis)
Theories of Interstate Peace (Paul F. Diehl, Gary Goertz)
Theory and Evidence Regarding the Effectiveness of Human Rights Treaties (Daniel W. Hill, Jr.)
The Theory of Lateral Pressure: Highlights of Quantification and Empirical Analysis (Nazli Choucri, Gaurav Agarwal)
Theory of Regional War and Peace (Benjamin Miller)
To Arms, To Arms: What Do We Know About Arms Races? (Richard J. Stoll)
Toward an Evolutionary Theory of International Relations (Rose McDermott, Christian Davenport)
The Two-Good Theory in Practice: From Abstract Generalization to Specific Inference (T. Clifton Morgan, Glenn Palmer)
240 Years of Foreign Policy Moods in a Democracy Which Grew into a Superpower: What it Means for IR Theory (Jack E. Holmes)
Understanding Ethnic Conflict: Four Waves and Beyond (Shiping Tang)
Understanding Government Behavior During Armed Conflict (Cyanne E. Loyle)
A Unified Analysis of the Diversionary and Constraint Accounts of Crisis Initiation (Lisa J. Carlson, Raymond Dacey)
Unipolarity: The Shaky Foundation of a Fashionable Concept (James H. Lebovic)
War Making and the Building of State Capacity: Expanding the Bivariate Relationship (Karen A. Rasler, William R. Thompson)
War Termination (Carmela Lutmar, Lesley Terris)
Waves of Political Terrorism (Jeffrey Kaplan)
What Do We Know About Civil War Duration?: A Bargaining Perspective (David E. Cunningham)
What Do We Know About Global Financial Crises? Putting IPE and Economics in Conversation (Michael J. Lee)
What Helps Protect Human Rights: Human Rights Theory and Evidence (Jessica Anderson, Amanda Murdie)
Women and Terrorism (Mia Bloom)
