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date: 15 December 2019

Abstract and Keywords

Clarissa (Clara) Harlowe Barton (1821–1912) was the founder of the American Red Cross and its president from 1881 to 1904. She introduced the “American Amendment,” ensuring that the Red Cross would provide relief in peacetime as well as in war.

Keywords: American Red Cross, disaster victims, Civil War, Iron Cross, relief work

Jean K. Quam

Jean K. Quam, M.S.W., Ph.D., is the Dean of the College of Education and Human Development (CEHD) at the University of Minnesota. She was the director of the School of Social Work at Minnesota (which is administratively located in CEHD) for over sixteen years. Her Ph.D. was earned at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. She has research interests in social welfare history and gay and lesbian aging. For several years she taught a doctoral seminar on the history of social welfare.

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